Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. We recommend using aĪuthors: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs Use the information below to generate a citation. Then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, Then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, Want to cite, share, or modify this book? This book uses the If the net external force can be found from all this information, we can use Newton’s second law to find the acceleration as requested. There are no other significant forces acting on System 1. If we select the swimmer to be the system of interest, as in the figure, then F wall on feet F wall on feet size 12 because it acts on the floor, not on the system. In this case, there are two systems that we could investigate: the swimmer or the wall. You might think that two equal and opposite forces would cancel, but they do not because they act on different systems. The wall has exerted an equal and opposite force back on the swimmer. Newton’s Third Law of Motion Whenever one body exerts a force on a second body, the first body experiences a force that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force that it exerts. She pushes against the pool wall with her feet and accelerates in the direction opposite to that of her push. Consider a swimmer pushing off from the side of a pool, as illustrated in Figure 4.9. We can readily see Newton’s third law at work by taking a look at how people move about. Newton’s third law has practical uses in analyzing the origin of forces and understanding which forces are external to a system. We sometimes refer to this law loosely as “action-reaction,” where the force exerted is the action and the force experienced as a consequence is the reaction. This law represents a certain symmetry in nature: Forces always occur in pairs, and one body cannot exert a force on another without experiencing a force itself. Whenever one body exerts a force on a second body, the first body experiences a force that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force that it exerts.
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